What each term means (glossary)

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Accounting and reports

Term	What it means
Balance sheet	What the company owns and owes, on a given date.
Income Statement	What the company earned and spent in a period.
Cash Flow Statement	The money that came in and went out in a period.
Trial balance	List of all accounts, with the debits, the credits and the balance.
Ledger	The movements of each account, one by one.
Current account statement	The movements of a customer or vendor.
Ageing of balances	What customers or vendors owe, by how overdue it is.
Third parties	Customers, vendors and other entities the company has accounts with.
Journal Item	Each line of an accounting journal entry.

Banks

Term	What it means
Statement	The list of movements sent by the bank, in a file.
Bank line	One movement in the statement.
Reconcile	Linking the bank movement to the accounting document or journal entry.
To classify, Classified, Ignored, Duplicate	The statuses of each movement.
Pending reconciliation	Movements that do not yet match between the bank and the accounting.
Difference	The bank balance minus the accounting balance.
Tolerance	The small difference accepted when reconciling in one click.
Direct entry	Posting a movement without a document, such as a fee or interest.
Automatic reconciliation	Reconciles the clear movements on its own and leaves the others for review.
Transfer account	The account that transfers between the company's accounts go through, and that ends at zero.
Confirmed pattern	A movement description posted several times to the same account, which can become a model.
Import history	The proof of each import: who, when and which file.
Keep until	The date until which the statement file cannot be deleted.

Assets

Term	What it means
Fixed asset (tangible, intangible)	A durable item owned by the company, such as equipment, a vehicle or a software program.
Asset record	The record of an asset: code, category, value, dates and location.
Category	Group of assets with the same accounts and the same journal.
Depreciation, Amortisation	The yearly expense of an asset. Tangible assets are depreciated and intangible assets are amortised.
Instalment	The share of depreciation for one period.
Accounting board, Tax board	The schedule of instalments under the accounting rules and under the tax rules.
Process periods	Confirming the finished periods and posting the depreciation.
Cancel processing	Reversing the journal entries of processed periods, which are never deleted.
Processing batch	Processing several assets at once, after simulating.
Disposal, Scrapping, Casualty	An asset leaving through sale, end of life or loss, such as a fire or a theft.
Accounting Net Book Value (VLC)	The cost minus accumulated depreciation and impairment.
Gain, Loss	The profit or loss when selling an asset.
Impairment	Loss of value of an asset.
Revaluation	Bringing the asset to fair value, for the whole class at once.
Component, Main Asset	A part of an asset with its own useful life, linked to the main asset.
Inventory campaign	The physical count of the assets in one or more locations.
Form 32 (Modelo 32), Form 31 (Modelo 31)	The tax schedules for depreciation and for capital gains. Pending validation by a certified accountant.

People and payroll

Term	What it means
Per diem	The amount paid to the employee for the expenses of a business trip. Up to a daily limit it is tax-free. Pending validation by a certified accountant.
Exempt part, Taxable part	The part of the per diem that is not subject to Personal Income Tax (IRS) and the part that is.
Autonomous taxation	Tax the company pays on certain expenses.
Trip map	The sheet where the day, destination and purpose of each trip are recorded.
Credit of hours	Training hours the company should have provided in a year and did not.
40 hours	The yearly minimum of training for each employee. Pending validation by a certified accountant.
Mandatory training	A course required by the job, with an expiry date.
Termination	The end of the employment contract.
Fixed-term contract	A contract with an end date (fixed) or without a set date (open-ended).
Minimum wage (RMMG)	The guaranteed minimum monthly pay.
Hiring support	State aid to a company that hires certain people.
Employee acknowledgement	The employee's confirmation that they have read a document.
Qualified signature	An electronic signature with stronger legal value, such as the Citizen Card (Cartão de Cidadão) or the Chave Móvel Digital.
Signing portal	The page where the signer signs without having an account in the program. Pending validation on screen.
Signer	The person who has to sign a document.
Manager	The person responsible for a team.
Management	The profile of those who decide: reads the whole business and approves, without configuring.
Declaration of training at the exit	The paper with the training hours still owed to someone who leaves, and what they are worth.
Vehicle request	The request for a company vehicle, approved by the person responsible for the vehicle.
Small group	Fewer than 5 people. Euro amounts are not shown, so that no one can be identified.
To do	The list of what needs action.
Trips to re-invoice	Trips made to customers that have not yet been charged to them.

EDI and e-invoicing

Term	What it means
EDI	Exchanging documents, such as orders and invoices, directly between computers.
Saphety	A company that acts as EDI and e-invoicing operator.
GLN	A 13-digit number that identifies a company, a shop or a warehouse.
GTIN	The product barcode.
SSCC	An 18-digit code that identifies a pallet or box shipped.
GS1	The organisation that assigns barcodes and GLNs.
EANCOM	The standard way of writing EDI messages in retail.
Order (ORDERS)	The retailer's order.
Order response (ORDRSP)	The response that accepts, changes or rejects the order.
Despatch advice (DESADV)	The notice of what is on its way.
Receiving notice (RECADV)	The retailer's notice about what it received.
EDI invoice (INVOIC)	The invoice sent by EDI.
Peppol	The European network for electronic invoices between companies.
Access point	The service that connects the company to the Peppol network.
Simulator	A test service that imitates the operator, without sending anything for real.